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四川成人高考專升本英語復習資料匯總
形容詞與副詞(4-1~5-2)
大綱要求:
形容詞與副詞掌握比較級的構成及其用法。
一、形容詞在句子中的作用
1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子應當行為規矩。(定語)
I like this red dress very much.(定語)
She is beautiful. (表語)
The patient is asleep. (表語)
Who has got the window open? (賓語補足語)
Ive got everything ready for the class. (賓語補足語)
I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(獨立成分)
2、大多數形容詞既可作定語又可作表語,但有少數形容詞只能作表語。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.
二、副詞在句子中的作用
副詞在句子中主要作狀語,可以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,有時修飾整個句子。
Unfortunately, he wasnt at home when I came. (修飾整個句子)
Luckily, she wasnt injured in the accident.(修飾整個句子)
Her pronunciation is very good.(修飾形容詞)
I have been extremely busy these days.(修飾形容詞)
I can hardly agree with you.(修飾動詞)
He works terribly (quite) hard. (修飾副詞)
三、形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成
1.單音節詞和少數雙音節詞(如以y結尾的)在詞尾加-er , -est.
如:small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest.
2、以e結尾的詞加-r , -st .
如:larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest.
3、以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞,變y為i 再加-er , -est .
如:busy,busier, busiest; heavy,heavier, heaviest; happy,happier, happiest.
4、以一個輔音字母結尾的詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-er, -est .(一個輔音字母結尾;重讀閉音節)
如:big,bigger, biggest; thin,thinner, thinnest; hot,hotter, hottest.
雙音節詞,多音節詞比較級和最高級在詞前加more, most.
如:difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful.
特殊的比較級和最高級
四、形容詞和副詞比較級的用法
1、比較級常與than引導的狀語從句連用,表示與什么相比。
This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.
為了避免重復,從句常用一些代詞。
比較必須是兩個相同的成分。
Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company.
Small oranges are usually sweeter than big ones.
It is better to be prepared than unprepared.
This is easier said than done.
She is taller than I(me)。
I meet with more difficulties than she does.
The girls in my class are more active than those in his class.
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